ヨーロッパサッカーでは「インテンシティ」の重要性が日に日に高まっていると言われています。では、このインテンシティという言葉は一体何を指しているのでしょうか。インテンシティの高いチーム、インテンシティの高い試合、インテンシティを高める選手、様々な言い回しの中にその言葉が登場します。
インテンシティという言葉を知ることで、現在のヨーロッパサッカーのトレンドを知ることもできます。今回は戦術というよりは用語解説に近いのですが、ヨーロッパサッカーで重要性が日に日に高まっている「インテンシティ」という概念に焦点を当ててみたいと思います。
インテンシティとは
インテンシティは直訳すると「強度」という意味になります。実際の試合に当てはめると、ディフェンスにおけるプレッシャーをかける勢いと頻度、ボール際のあたりの強さや競る頻度ということになるかと思います。相手チームがゆっくりとボールを回せるような状態を作らせないのが、インテンシティの高いチームと考えるとイメージが湧きやすいのではないでしょうか。
「インテンシティが高い」と似て非なる言葉として、フィジカルが強いという言葉があります。フィジカルは身体能力を指し、「フィジカルの強さ」は実際の競り合いでの強さを指しますが、「インテンシティの高さ」は、イーブンボールの奪取率というよりもむしろ、試合全体を通してのプレスの頻度を指す言葉として使われます。
インテンシティが高いチームというのは、相手チームがボールを保持している時にプレッシャーをかける頻度が高く、ボールを奪う頻度が高いチームであるといえます。
モチベーションとコンディション
インテンシティを高めるために最も重要なのがコンディションとモチベーションです。インテンシティが高いチームを作るためには、一人ひとりの選手が相手チームの動きを阻害することに集中しなければいけません。危険なエリアだけを守るのではなく、相手の余裕をなくすためにディフェンスをしなければならないので、ディフェンス時の走行距離やダッシュの回数は飛躍的に増えます。実際に行う選手にはスタミナ、つまりコンディションとそれを継続する意思、つまりはモチベーションが求められます。
インテンシティが高いチームを率いる監督と言えば、ヴァルディオラ、モウリーニョ、クロップ、コンテ、シメオネが代表格ですが、それぞれにモチベータ―として高い評価を得ている監督であることは、無視できないでしょう。
また言葉の定義も広がっており、ダッシュの回数や走行距離を根拠として、攻撃チームにもモチベーションを切らさず能動的に仕掛け続けることにインテンシティという言葉を当てはめるケースも出てきています。
インテンシティという言葉を決定づけたドルトムント
日本でも代表監督のザッケローニが発言したことで話題となりましたが、インテンシティという言葉が特に多く取り上げられるようになったのは、ここ３－４年のことです。それはインテンシティという言葉を決定づけたチームがあったからと言えるでしょう。そのチームこそが、ボルシアドルトムントです。
ボルシアドルトムントは徹底したハイプレスのチームです。相手がボールを持った瞬間に、その近くにいる選手がボールホルダーにプレッシャーをかけてボールを奪い返す戦術は、ゲーゲンプレッシングと名付けられて一世を風靡しました。
ドルトムントが特徴的だったのはハイプレスをかける選手たちが、決してフィジカルに優れた選手ではなかったということです。従来プレスをかけるチームというのは競り合いに強い選手をそろえるのが常でしたが、ドルトムントは小柄で運動量のある選手であれば、十分にプレッシャーをかけられることを証明したのです。そのことでヨーロッパ全体のサッカーが、フィジカルの強さをプレス強度の基準とせず、インテンシティつまり頻度をその基準とするようになっていったのです。
実際にはドルトムントより前に、バルセロナが同様の戦略を取っていたことを指摘する人もいるかもしれません。クロップもゲーゲンプレッシングはバルセロナのハイプレスから取り入れたものと認めていますが、バルセロナは世界最高峰の人材で圧倒的なポゼッションを誇った為、ボールロスト時は高いインテンシティを誇りましたが、ゲーム全体の流れは極めて緩やかでした。ドルトムントは個のタレントの能力を、チーム全体の運動量で補いボール保持者が頻繁に入れ替わる戦術を取っていました。サッカー界がインテンシティを発見するきっかけとなったのは、やはりドルトムントと言うべきでしょう。
何故今インテンシティが注目されるのか
なぜ今のヨーロッパでインテンシティが注目されるのかという理由には様々な点があります。最新の戦術であるハイプレスからのショートカウンターと密接に関係していることや、ドルトムントやバルセロナという非常に高いレベルで成功したチームの特徴であったこともあるでしょう。しかし、最もインテンシティという言葉が注目されるようになった理由は、モチベーションとコンディションの数値化という非常に難しいことをやってのけたからだと考えられます。
ヨーロッパのサッカー戦術はかなり成熟しており、理想的な戦い方さえできれば高い確率で勝利することが可能となっています。そういった洗練された戦術を持つチーム同士が戦った場合に、差となって表れる点を明確に表した言葉が、インテンシティなのです。モチベーションが高く、フィジカルコンディションの良いチームは、必然的にインテンシティが上がり、それは数字となって表れます。それが強いチーム同士の戦いの中で大きな差となって表れるようになっていると言えるのです。
そういう意味で、おそらくインテンシティという言葉はこれからもヨーロッパのサッカーの中で頻繁に目にすることになると思われます。是非観戦時には、インテンシティを意識してみてみると面白いかと思います。
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サッカー 戦術 動画 | サッカー.tv
[…] 。今回は戦術というよりは用語解説に近いのですが、ヨーロッパサッカーで重要性が日に日に高まっている「インテンシティ」という概念に焦点を当ててみたいと思います。(続きを読む) […]
インテンシティーってなんじゃらほい | なんだかなあと思う世界
[…] サッカー戦術解説～インテンシティの意味とは～ […]
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